Tires for snow Articles

The Snow is a track by the British group Coil, available on the album Love’s Secret Domain (1991) and also released as a 12″ vinyl, cassette and CD EP. A music video of “The Snow (Answers Come in Dreams II)” was directed by Peter Christopherson.

“The Snow (Driftmix)” and “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” are remixes by Peter Christopherson. The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” and “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” are remixes by Jack Dangers. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” was remixed by John Balance and Drew McDowall.

The EP was later combined with Windowpane and released as Windowpane & The Snow.

12″ vinyl

Side A:

1. “The Snow (Driftmix) – 2:35
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” – 5:47
3. “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” – 7:43

Side B:

1. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” – 6:33
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” – 5:57
3. “The Snow” – 6:48

CD

1. “The Snow (Driftmix)” – 2:35
2. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams I)” – 5:47
3. “The Snow (Out In The Cold)” – 7:43
4. “The Snow (As Pure As?)” – 6:33
5. “The Snow (Answers Come In Dreams II)” – 5:57
6. “The Snow” – 6:48

A snow roller is a rare meteorological phenomenon in which large snowballs are formed naturally as chunks of snow are blown along the ground by wind, picking up material along the way, in much the same way that the large snowballs used in snowmen are made.

Unlike snowballs made by people, snow rollers are typically cylindrical in shape, and are often hollow since the inner layers, which are the first layers to form, are weak and thin compared to the outer layers and can easily be blown away, leaving what looks like a doughnut or jelly roll. Snow rollers have been seen to grow as large as two feet in diameter.

The following conditions are needed for snow rollers to form:

• The ground must be covered by a layer of ice that snow will not stick to.
• The layer of ice must be covered by wet, loose snow with a temperature near the melting point of water.
• The wind must be strong enough to move the snow rollers, but not strong enough to blow them too fast.
• Alternatively, gravity can move the snow rollers as when a snowball, such as those that will fall from a tree or cliff, lands on steep hill and begins to roll down the hill.

Because of this last condition, snow rollers are more common in hilly areas. However, the precise nature of the conditions required makes them a very rare phenomenon.

A snow gauge is a type of instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to gather and measure the amount of solid precipitation (as opposed to liquid precipitation that is measured by a rain gauge) over a set period of time.

The snow gauge consists of two parts, a copper catchment container and the funnel shaped gauge itself. The actual gauge is mounted on a pipe outdoors and is approximately 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) high, while the container is 51.5 cm (201/4 in) long.

When snow has fallen the container is removed and replaced with a spare. The snow is then melted, while still in the container, and poured into a glass measuring graduate. While the depth of snow is normally measured in centimetres, the measurement of melted snow (water equivalent) is in millimetres. An estimate of the snow depth can be obtained by multiplying the water equivalent by ten.

The snow gauge suffers from the same problem as that of the rain gauge when conditions are windy. If the wind is strong enough, then the snow may be blown across the wind gauge and the amount of snow fallen will be under-reported. However, due to the shape and size of the funnel this is a minor problem.

If the wind is very strong and a blizzard occurs then extra snow may be blown into the gauge and the amount of snow fallen will be over-reported. In this case the observer must judge how much of the water is from snow blown into the container and how much is fallen snow.

Another problem that occurs, is when both snow and rain fall before the observer has time to change the gauge. In all of these cases the observer must judge how much of the water is snow and how much is rain.

Remote reading gauges, such as used by weather stations, work similarly to rain gauges. They have a large catch area (such as a drum sawn in half, top to bottom) which collects snow until a given weight is collected. When this critical weight is reached, it tips and empties the snow catch. This dumping trips a switch, sending a signal. The collection then repeats. If the catch container has a heater in it, it measures the snow weight accurately. It is also possible to tip based on volume instead of weight, with appropriate fill sensing.

Another snow sensor called a snow pillow looks like a round bag laying on the ground. Inside the pillow is a liquid such as an environmentally safe antifreeze. Usually the snow pillow will be connected to a manometer. The manometer reading will vary based on how much snow is sitting on the pillow. This type of sensor works well for many locations but is more difficult to use in areas of hard blowing snow.

Tire rotation or rotating tires is the practice of moving automobile tires from one wheel to another to ensure even tire wear. Tire wear is uneven for any number of reasons. Even tire wear is desirable to maintain consistent performance in the vehicle.

By design, the weight on the front and rear axles differs which causes uneven wear. With the majority of cars being front-engine cars, the front axle typically has more of the weight. For rear wheel drive vehicles, the weight distribution between front and back approaches 50:50. Front wheel drive vehicles also have the
differential in front, adding to the weight with a typical weight distribution of no better than 60:40. This means, all else being equal, the front tires wear out at almost twice the rate of the rear wheels, especially when factoring the additional stress that braking puts on the front tires. Thus, tire rotation needs to occur more frequently for front-wheel drive vehicles.

Turning the vehicle will cause uneven tire wear. The outside, front tire is worn disproportionately. Cloverleaf interchanges and parking ramps turn right in right hand drive countries, causing the left front tire to be worn faster than the right front. Furthermore, right turns are tighter than left turns, also causing more tire wear. Conversely the sidewalls on the right tire tends to be bumped and rubbed against the curb while parking the vehicle, causing asymmetric sidewall wear. The symmetric opposite occurs in countries that drive on the left.

In addition, mechanical problems in the vehicle may cause uneven tire wear. The wheels need to be aligned with each other and the vehicle. The wheel that is out of alignment will tend to be dragged along by the other wheels, causing uneven wear in that tire. If the alignment is such that the vehicle tends to turn, the driver will correct by steering against the tendency. In effect the vehicle is constantly turning, causing uneven tire wear. Also, if a tire is under or over-inflated, it will wear differently than the other tires on the vehicle. Rotating will not help in this case and the inflation needs to be corrected.

Manufacturers will recommend tire rotation frequency and pattern. Depending on the specifics of the vehicle tire rotation may be recommended every 12,000 km (7,500 mi). The rotation pattern is typically moving the back wheels to the front and the front to the back but crossing them when moving to the back. If the tires are unidirectional, the rotation can only be rotated front to back on the same side of the vehicle to preserve the rotational direction of the tires. Most unidirectional tires can be moved from side to side if they are remounted; tires with asymmetric rims are a rare exception. More complex rotation patterns are required if the vehicle has a full-size spare tire that is part of the rotation or if there are snow tires.

Current thinking stresses the desirability of keeping the best tires on the rear wheels of the vehicle, whether it is front or rear drive. The reason for this is that if the rear wheels lose grip before the front ones, an oversteer condition will occur, which is harder to control than the corresponding understeer which will happen if a front wheel is lost. This is also the case if a tire blows out, so the intuitive belief that the front steering/driving tires need to be the best quality is not actually the case.

In rare cases, automobile manufacturers may recommend performing no tire rotation at all (eg BMW MINI).

Tire load sensitivity describes the behaviour of tires under load. Conventional pneumatic tires do not behave as classical friction theory would suggest. Friction theory says that the maximum horizontal force developed should be proportional to the vertical load on the tire. In practice, the maximum horizontal force Fy that can be generated is proportional, roughly, to the vertical load Fz raised to the power of somewhere between 0.7 and 0.9, typically.

Production car tires typically develop this maximum lateral force at a slip angle of 6-10 degrees, although this angle increases as the vertical load on the tire increases. Milliken, W.F., Milliken, D.L., 1995, “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA. page 27. Formula 1 car tires may reach a peak sideforce at 3 degrees Wright P., 2001, “Formula 1 Technology”, Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) Warrendale, PA.

Example

As an example, here is data extracted from Milliken and Milliken’s “Race Car Vehicle Dynamics”, figure 2.9:

The same sensitivity is typically seen in the longitudinal forces, and combined lateral and longitudinal slip.

Tire Science and Technology is a peer-reviewed, scholarly journal published by the Tire Society. The journal was founded in 1973, and published until 1977 by a committee of ASTM. In 1978, the Tire Society was formed to carry on the journal, and continue its mission “to increase and disseminate knowledge of the science and technology of tires”. The journal is published quarterly. It addresses the development and application of experimental, analytical, and computational science in which the tire figures prominently.

Focal vocabulary is a specialized set of terms and distinctions that is particularly important to a certain group; those with particular focuses of experience or activity. A lexicon, or vocabulary, is a language’s dictionary, its set of names for things, events, and ideas. Lexicon influences people’s perception on things. Thus, Eskimos have several distinct words for different types of snow that in English are all called snow. Most English speakers never noticed the differences between these types of snow and might have trouble seeing them even if someone pointed them out. Eskimos, on the other hand, recognize and think about the differences in snow that English speakers don’t see because our language gives us just one word. Similarly, the Nuer of Sudan have an elaborate vocabulary to describe cattle. The Nuer have dozens of names for cattle because of the cattle’s particular histories, economies, and environments. English speakers can also elaborate their snow and cattle vocabularies when the need arises.

A tundra tire is a large low-pressure tire used on airplanes to accommodate rough terrain when landing or taxiing.

These tires are recently becoming popular with non-bush pilots as a fashion statement.

There have been several FAA studies on the aerodynamic effects on aircraft with tundra tires. It has been stated that the tires can raise the stall speed on an aircraft due to increased drag.

Snow Hill may refer to:

• Birmingham Snow Hill station
• Snow Hill tunnel and the former Snow Hill station in central London
• Snow Hill police station in central London
• Snow Hill, Antarctica, where the Swedish Antarctic Expedition explorers over-wintered in 1902.
• Snow Hill, Maryland
• Snow Hill, North Carolina

The Snow Foundation is a non-profit ogranisation operating in Canberra. It was established to assist those in need in the Canberra community whose needs are not covered by government sources.

History

The Snow Foundation is a response to the long association the Snow family has had with the Canberra region, dating back to 1926 when E.R. Snow, the founders’ grandfather, came to Canberra to establish the Capital’s first general store.

The Foundation is the creation of brothers Terry and George Snow who set it up in 1990 with the aim of helping those individuals and organisations that freely gave their time to help the less fortunate live fulfilling lives.Starting with an initial contribution of $1 million, the Foundation has provided financial help to a diverse range of organisations throughout Canberra and the surrounding region.

In 1997 Terry added a further $500,000 to the Foundation, and in 2005 added a further $1 million to enable it to maintain and set up further activities. Since then, he has given substantive donations to the Foundation, meaning the capital value of the Foundation exceeded $3 million in 1997.

In the 15 years since it was established, The Snow Foundation has reached out to help more than 80 different organisations and individuals. The Foundation does not give ‘blanket’ donations but help with the funding of a specific program/treatment/equipment.